Cyclopropane is the smallest cyclic compound with unique structural features and physicochemical properties, which is widely used in the design of small molecule drugs. In drug design, it is often used to increase activity, fix conformation and improve PK and water solubility. The introduction of cyclopropyl groups into drugs can change various properties of molecules, such as improving metabolic stability; increasing biological activity; enhancing drug efficacy; limiting polypeptide conformation and slowing down its hydrolysis; reducing plasma clearance; improving drug dissociation and many more. Cyclopropane rings are widely found in marketed drugs, including cardiovascular drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, anticancer drugs, autoimmune and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. These batteries are composed of several key materials such as cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, separator and current collector, which enable them to operate. Other minor components in Li-ion batteries include binders, additives, and fillers, which improve electrode stability, electrolyte performance, and battery safety. Ongoing research and development focus on improving the energy density, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Li-ion batteries through advancements in materials, including the exploration of new cathode and anode materials, solid-state electrolytes, high-voltage electrolyte additives, and advanced manufacturing techniques.