Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is a saturated five-membered heterocyclic ring, which is miscible with water. Pyrrolidine exists in many alkaloids and drug molecules, such as kappa opioids, antagonists of dopamine D4 receptors, and HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Azetidines are an important class of saturated four-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. The research hotspots related to this structure mainly focus on two aspects: one is the research of pharmaceutical chemistry; the other is related to chiral azetidines, using rigid azetidine compounds as chiral ligands for asymmetric catalytic reactions. Many nitrogen-containing heterocycles play important roles in drug structures, and in many cases small structural changes can improve ligand selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties.
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The two N atoms in Benzothiadiazole could possibly form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a more planar backbone. Benzothiadiazole is a strong electron-accepting molecular fragment. By fusing it with thiazole donor-acceptor dyes, near-infrared fluorescence was created. The benzothiadiazole ring is a useful n-type building block for designing electron-transport materials for organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Arene- and heteroarene-fused thiadiazoles have also found use in the design of low-band-gap materials for the construction of organic field-effect transmitters (OFETs), as stable organic radicals, and as one or two photon-absorbing materials for the design of nonlinear near-infrared (NIR) dyes. Benzothiadiazoles acting as the electron-accepting cores have been incorporated into dendrimer-type light-harvesting materials.