Thiophene is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing a sulfur heteroatom with the molecular formula C4H4S. Thiophene is aromatic and is very similar to benzene; electrophilic substitution reaction is easier than benzene, and it is mainly substituted at the 2-position. Thiophene ring system has certain stability to oxidant.
Oxazoles are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom, separated by a carbon atom. The presence of two heteroatoms (oxygen and nitrogen) provides possible interactions (hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der Waals or dipole bonds) with a wide range of receptors and enzymes. Oxazole rings are valuable heterocyclic scaffolds for the design of novel therapeutics with anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and antidepressant properties due to their wide range of targets and biological activities.
Benzothiazoles are aromatic heterocyclic compounds with the chemical formula C7H5NS. Benzothiazoles and their derivatives are a very important class of heterocyclic compounds that are ubiquitous in nature and are mainly used in medicine, agriculture and industry. In medicine, benzothiazole derivatives are a kind of very important pharmaceutical intermediates with good pharmacological and biological activities. It can be used as a fungicide, anti-tuberculosis drug, anti-malarial, anti-convulsant, insecticide, sedative and anti-inflammatory drug, and can also be used to treat diabetes and has anti-cancer effects.