Thiophene is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing a sulfur heteroatom with the molecular formula C4H4S. Thiophene is aromatic and is very similar to benzene; electrophilic substitution reaction is easier than benzene, and it is mainly substituted at the 2-position. Thiophene ring system has certain stability to oxidant.
Incorporation of heterocycles into drug molecules can enhance physical properties and biological activity. Oxadiazoles are a class of five-membered heterocycles containing one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms with special biological activity and thermodynamic properties. 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are widely used in the development of bioactive molecules, but 1,2,5-oxadiazoles (furazans) are used relatively sparingly. Compared with 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-isomers, 1,2,5-oxadiazole has unique physicochemical properties and electronic effects. The furazan ring has a strong inductive effect, comparable to that of trifluoromethyl or tetrazolyl. The unique properties of furoxan can confer specific pharmacological activities to drug-like molecules.
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