Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table, and the fluorine atom has a small atomic radius, so fluorine-containing organic compounds have many wonderful properties. For example, the introduction of fluorine atoms or fluorine-containing groups into drug molecules can improve the permeability to cell membranes, metabolic stability and bioavailability; in addition, the introduction of fluorine atoms will improve the lipid solubility of the compound and promote its absorption in the body. The speed of delivery changes the physiological effect. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules is an important direction for the development of new anticancer drugs, antitumor drugs, antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and central nervous system drugs.
Benzimidazole is a benzo derivative of imidazole. It is a kind of bicyclic aromatic organic compounds, which is formed by fusing a six-membered benzene ring and five-membered imidazole at positions 4 and 5 of imidazole ring. It is an important pharmacophore of many biologically active heterocyclic compounds with various pharmacological activities. Benzimidazoles and their derivatives have developed into dynamic heterocyclic systems due to their potency in a variety of biologically active compounds such as anticancer, bactericidal and antiviral drugs. Benzimidazoles are a class of therapeutic motifs with broad relevance in medicinal chemistry.
Imidazole is an important five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Among the numerous heterocyclic compounds, imidazole and its derivatives are regarded as a unique and multifaceted scaffold material due to their diverse applications in industrial, organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Imidazoles interact in different ways with many therapeutic targets, enzymes and receptors in biological systems and thus exhibit a wide range of biological activities. In particular, several imidazoles can be used as clinical drugs to treat various types of cancer with high therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, imidazoles are one of the most critical segments in the field of anti-covid-19 virus drug discovery due to their ability to interact with active targets in living systems.