Tetrahydrofuran is a heterocyclic organic compound with the molecular formula C4H8O. Tetrahydrofuran belongs to ethers and is the complete hydrogenation product of furan. It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with small viscosity at normal temperature and pressure. Because of its long liquid range, it is a commonly used medium polar aprotic solvent. Its main use is as a precursor of high molecular polymers.
Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. These batteries are composed of several key materials such as cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, separator and current collector, which enable them to operate. Other minor components in Li-ion batteries include binders, additives, and fillers, which improve electrode stability, electrolyte performance, and battery safety. Ongoing research and development focus on improving the energy density, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Li-ion batteries through advancements in materials, including the exploration of new cathode and anode materials, solid-state electrolytes, high-voltage electrolyte additives, and advanced manufacturing techniques.