Morpholine is among versatile and efficient synthetic building blocks in medicinal chemistry and pharmacological activities.

China’s drug development is gradually moving toward innovation and originality, with a majority of new drugs being small molecule drugs.

The 2022 3rd Asian Pharma Manufacturing Congress was Successfully Held in Shanghai

An aromatic ring is a hydrocarbon containing benzene or some other related ring structure.

The subsidiary, XFlow specializes in the application research of new catalysts and the development of flow chemistry technology.

Specialty Monomers Materials Supply Available

The China Pharmaceutical CMC Industry Chain Technology Exchange and Entrepreneurs and Scientists Summit Forum was held successfully in Hangzhou from September 15 to September 16, 2022.

The largest USA-based intermediates and API show, Pharma ChemOutsourcing 2022, opened in Parsippany, New Jersey on September 7, 2022. This 3-day conference was combined with the forum and brought together many industry leaders, renowned experts, and executives from the pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, chemical, and chemistry services industries to discuss changing landscape and future trends of the global pharmaceutical industry during the post-epidemic period. The panel discussions featured 5 main topics: 1) CMC, API & Global Supply Chain Security in the Post-Pandemic World 2) Choosing the Right CDMO for Biotechs: Past, Present, and Future 3) Small Molecule API Supply Chain Post-Pandemic: Price Inflation, CDMO Capacity Constraints, Raw Materials, Logistical Challenges 4) What's Going On In China? Risk Mitigation, Lockdowns, Ports, Shipping, Reshoring, Chinese Manufacturing Expansion in USA & Europe 5) Private Equity Investment in CDMO, which encouraged to explore emerging trends, key insights, and new collaborations in APIs after the outbreak.                         This was the second time that LinkChem participated in and sponsored ChemOutsourcing exhibition. As a fast-growing CDMO company in the pharmaceutical industry, LinkChem has always adhered to technology-driven and focused on the field of small molecule pharmaceutical, actively developing industrialized technologies to serve global customers. During the exhibition, LinkChem's products and services attracted many customers to visit booth No. 5. Our senior chemist, Dr. Zhong, made face-to-face in-depth communication with senior executives and scientists from well-known companies in the industry, presented innovative CRO and CMO strengths as well as the brand image to customers that gained positive feedback and potential purchase intentions. The conference improved our understanding of market dynamics and customer needs in the post-pandemic era, building a solid foundation for further international expansion. Meanwhile, LinkChem would accelerate towards the global pharmaceutical industry chain through the exhibition, realizing the internationalization strategy upgrade, and providing customers with more high-quality chemical custom service!                      LinkChem will continue to take the research, development and industrialization as the company's overall and long-term development strategy, aimed at actively contributing to the cause of life, health, and green energy innovation. LinkChem will continue to take the research, development and industrialization as the company's overall and long-term development strategy, aimed at actively contributing to the cause of life, health, and green energy innovation.The largest USA-based intermediates and API show, Pharma ChemOutsourcing 2022, opened in Parsippany, New Jersey on September 7, 2022. This 3-day conference was combined with the forum and brought together many industry leaders, renowned experts, and executives from the pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, chemical, and chemistry services industries to discuss changing landscape and future trends of the global pharmaceutical industry during the post-epidemic period. The panel discussions featured 5 main topics: 1) CMC, API & Global Supply Chain Security in the Post-Pandemic World 2) Choosing the Right CDMO for Biotechs: Past, Present, and Future 3) Small Molecule API Supply Chain Post-Pandemic: Price Inflation, CDMO Capacity Constraints, Raw Materials, Logistical Challenges 4) What's Going On In China? Risk Mitigation, Lockdowns, Ports, Shipping, Reshoring, Chinese Manufacturing Expansion in USA & Europe 5) Private Equity Investment in CDMO, which encouraged to explore emerging trends, key insights, and new collaborations in APIs after the outbreak.        This was the second time that LinkChem participated in and sponsored ChemOutsourcing exhibition. As a fast-growing CDMO company in the pharmaceutical industry, LinkChem has always adhered to technology-driven and focused on the field of small molecule pharmaceutical, actively developing industrialized technologies to serve global customers. During the exhibition, LinkChem's products and services attracted many customers to visit booth No. 5. Our senior chemist, Dr. Zhong, made face-to-face in-depth communication with senior executives and scientists from well-known companies in the industry, presented innovative CRO and CMO strengths as well as the brand image to customers that gained positive feedback and potential purchase intentions. The conference improved our understanding of market dynamics and customer needs in the post-pandemic era, building a solid foundation for further international expansion. Meanwhile, LinkChem would accelerate towards the global pharmaceutical industry chain through the exhibition, realizing the internationalization strategy upgrade, and providing customers with more high-quality chemical custom service!      LinkChem will continue to take the research, development and industrialization as the company's overall and long-term development strategy, aimed at actively contributing to the cause of life, health, and green energy innovation.

Benzene is a common organic compound. Small amounts of benzene are produced when materials containing carbon are burned incompletely. In recent decades, benzene has become increasingly popular mainly because it is an essential compound for making plastics.

LinkChem is honored to announce that Pharma Tech Outlook, awarded LinkChem among the Top 10 CROs in Asia and the Pacific. LinkChem was recognized in the five values of "quality of services, experience, capabilities, communication, and service cost".

The 8th BioCon-Antibody & PharmaCon (BPC) China 2022 Innovative Pharmaceuticals Thematic Conference was successfully held at Marriott Nanjing South Hotel on August 9th and August 10th. LinkChem participated with its pharmaceutical CRO and CDMO service outsourcing business, attracting a large number of visitors.

The 13th International Chemical Pharmaceutical Summit, hosted by Best Media and the Pharmaceutical Engineering Committee of China Pharmaceutical Association, came to a successful conclusion. LinkChem participated with its pharmaceutical R&D and manufacturing service outsourcing business, attracting many guests to visit.

Coumarins are a group of natural products that are widely distributed in nature and have important biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, anti-cancer, anti-tumour and immune enhancing, anti-oxidant, scavenging excess oxygen free radicals and protecting liver cells.

Dioxane is used as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethane and trichloroethylene. It can also be an unintended contaminant of chemical ingredients used in consumer products including bubble bath, shampoo, laundry detergent, soap, skin cleanser, adhesives, and antifreeze. Foods may also contain small amounts of 1,4-dioxane from some additives and packaging materials.

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with a cyclic arrangement of carbon atoms and a sufficient number of hydrogen atoms. Cyclopentane and cyclohexane are the main cycloalkanes in petroleum. The melting point, boiling point and relative density of cycloalkanes are higher than those of the corresponding straight-chain alkanes. Paraffin naphthenic crude oil with low sulfur content is not only easy to process, but also a good raw material for the production of high-grade lubricating oil. Petroleum, which contains more naphthenes with multi-ring long side chains, is an ideal raw material for high quality lubricating oils. CHEMENU introduces you to several commonly used cycloalkanes and their uses.

This is LinkChem's New Research & Development Center, we just moved there.

Boron is a unique and exciting element. Over the years, it has proven to be a constant challenge and stimulus not only for preparative chemists and theorists, but also for industrial chemists and technicians. Borates are a family of ubiquitous flame retardants that exist as boric acid and various salts, notably sodium borate (borax) and zinc borate. Along with the sodium salt called borax, boric acid was one of the first flame retardants used. In halogen systems, zinc borate is often used as a component replacement for antimony oxide; providing possible cost savings and, in many cases, improving certain aspects of fire performance, including smoke and afterglow suppression.   Potassium (bromomethyl)trifluoroborate   Swimming Pool Maintenance It is important to maintain your pool's total alkalinity (TA) and pH at the recommended levels; if either is out of balance, it can affect the function of all chemicals in your pool, including chlorine. If you want to simplify pool maintenance by better keeping your pool's TA and pH in balance, then borates are the answer. When pH is out of balance Many situations occur when the pH of your pool water is unbalanced. Take a look at the following information.   pH level exceeds 7.8: Chlorine stops working, clouding the water and promoting the growth of water bacteria and algae. High pH levels can lead to calcium scale on pool surfaces, pipes and accessories, especially in saltwater pools. High pH levels can cause health problems such as burning eyes and nose, dry skin and scalp, and itching.   pH levels below 7.0: Erosion of pool components Plaster and grout damage Corrosion of metal fittings Metal stains Metal corrosion causing water discoloration If you don't want this to happen to your pool, you should consider adding borates to your pool. Let's take a look at some of the benefits of using borates as part of your pool maintenance.       Benefits of using borates Helps stabilize pH - Using a neutral pH borate helps stabilize the chemicals in your pool water. Helps prevent algae growth - Since borates keep the pH balanced and chlorine works effectively, algae has no room to multiply and start growing in your pool. Less chlorine - Since borates help prevent algae growth, you can use less chlorine, which means you can save money on your monthly chemical bill. Soft, shiny water - Borates help the water stay cleaner longer. Chloramines don't develop as quickly compared to those who don't include borate reagents in their pool maintenance. Good borates contain chlorine stabilizers that prevent UV light from depleting the chemicals. An added benefit - borates not only make the water healthy, but they also prevent dry skin and red, itchy eyes in swimmers.   potassium trifluoro(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)borate   Borax Borax was known worldwide in ancient times for its use in the preparation of glazes and hard (borosilicate) glass. High purity boron (>99%) is a product of this century, and various crystalline forms have only been obtained in recent decades, mainly because of the element's highly refractory nature and its rapid reaction with nitrogen, oxygen and most metals at high temperatures. If you are going to use borax in your home, there are precautions you can take to ensure safety, such as wearing gloves and Wash your hands thoroughly after using borax. If needed, seek medical help to prevent exposure.     This is an introduction to borates and borax. If you need any other pharmaceutical intermediates or chemical products, please contact us.

Benzene is a colorless or yellowish liquid that evaporates rapidly when exposed to air, but it does not dissolve well in water and tends to float on top. It is produced as part of natural and man-made processes. Benzene, for example, is a natural component of crude oil and is the main source of benzene today. It is also found in forest fires, volcanoes and in gaseous emissions from cigarette smoke. When you think of the molecular formula of benzene, you immediately think of the scientific story of the chemist who was inspired to solve the structure of the benzene ring after he dreamed of a snake biting his tail. The chemical formula for benzene is C6H6, and the benzene molecule consists of six carbon atoms in a ring with a hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom. Since it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classified as a hydrocarbon.     Where is benzene found Benzene is formed by natural processes and human activities. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. Benzene is also a natural component of crude oil, gasoline and cigarette smoke.     How Benzene is used Benzene is one of the top 20 most widely used chemicals in the United States. It is used primarily as a starting chemical in the manufacture of other products and is often used to make chemicals that are later used in other products. Common examples include:   Plastics Nylons Resins Dyes Lubricants Synthetic fibers Detergent Rubber Pesticides Gasoline It is mainly used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry and can be found in certain drugs. Historically, benzene has also been used as an industrial solvent and gasoline additive, although these uses have declined dramatically over the past few decades.       How people are exposed to benzene Most people are exposed to benzene through inhalation because benzene evaporates rapidly when it comes into contact with air. Benzene can also be absorbed through the skin when in contact with liquid sources containing benzene, but this is less common. Historically, the highest exposure levels have been in workplaces in industries that use benzene. That said, many industries are reducing the use of benzene, so this has declined in recent years. The general population is more likely to be exposed to benzene through inhalation of tobacco smoke, particularly through cigarettes. In fact, among smokers, 90% of benzene exposure comes from inhaling cigarette smoke. Benzene is also found in gasoline and can be inhaled if someone breathes in gasoline fumes. It can also be found in glues, adhesives, paint strippers and cleaning products. As a best practice, it is recommended that benzene be evaluated by a third-party petroleum and chemical testing laboratory to ensure that it is completely safe for use.     3-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-aminobenzoic acid   Uses of benzene in pharmaceuticals It is primarily used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry and can be found in some drugs. Historically, benzene has also been used as an industrial solvent and gasoline additive, although these uses have declined dramatically over the past few decades. The benzene series is the most important group of aromatics. It is a series of hydrocarbons based on the benzene ring with the general formula CnH2n-6, where 'n' is 6 or greater. Examples include benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8) and xylene (C8H10). The first three members of the series of particular interest are benzene, toluene and xylene, which are clear, colorless liquids with very similar properties at room temperature. Crude benzene also contains some amount of naphthalene (C10H8).     Crude benzene is a product of the dry distillation process of coking coal. Benzene (also called benzene) is the name commonly used in the chemical industry for a mixture of benzene hydrocarbons in which benzene itself predominates, together with certain of its congeners and various impurities. The term does not apply to any particular mixture or liquid mass. Recovery of benzene from coke oven gas means removing the benzene series vapors and then converting them into different liquid products by condensation.     CHEMENU is a professional API and API producer, we have many other benzene compounds for sale, feel free to contact us.

Anthracene is a colorless crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon used in the chemical industry and is produced by distilling natural crude oil. This blog will explore its structure, the reactions it undergoes, its uses and hazards.   Aromatic compounds Anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with three thickly packed benzene rings. Sarah breaks it down very simply: polycyclic means there is more than one ring, aromatic means the molecule has alternating double single bonds around the ring system, and hydrocarbon means it consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. We note the three rings connected together, with a network of alternating double and single bonds around the three rings.   9,10-dibromoanthracene   Dimerization of anthracene If we expose anthracene to UV light, it will actually undergo what is called a dimerization reaction. This is when two anthracene molecules combine with each other to form a larger hydrocarbon structure. In terms of applications, compounds such as anthracene dimers and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons play an important role in organic semiconductors. In addition, they have received a great deal of attention from researchers as organic materials that can be used in solar panels to harness the sun's energy.   Oxidation of anthracene If anthracene is reacted with an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, the product we get is anthraquinone. Anthraquinone is easy to identify; it is simply anthracene with two carbon-oxygen double bonds on the two middle carbons of the molecule.   4,8-diamino-2-bromo-1,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione   Uses of anthracene Some of the most common applications of anthracene include use as a preservative for wood and timber and as a pesticide for crops. The product anthraquinone is actually used as a component of many of the dyes that the fabric and textile industries rely on for their vibrant colors. Anthracene is used as a scintillator for high-energy photon, electron and alpha particle detectors. Plastics, such as polyethylene-based toluene, can be doped with anthracene to create a water-equivalent plastic scintillator for radiation therapy dosimetry.   Anthracene is widely used as a UV tracer in conformal coatings for printed circuit boards. Anthracene tracers allow UV detection of conformal coatings. Anthracene is also used for anthraquinone applications.   Anthracene derivatives are used in many applications. 1-hydroxyanthracene and 2-hydroxyanthracene are hydroxylated derivatives of phenol and naphthol, and hydroxyanthracene (also known as anthracenol and anthracenol) has pharmacological activity. 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene is an example of anthracene with several hydroxyl groups.   (10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)boronic acid   Attention to hazards Anthracene is a non-carcinogenic substance. PAHs are considered to be potential starting materials for the abiotic synthesis of materials needed for the earliest forms of life. When inhaled, anthracene can irritate the throat, nose and lungs, causing wheezing and coughing. Contact with the skin may cause irritation, burns, and itching caused by sunlight. Frequent exposure may lead to skin thickening and pigmentation changes. Studies have shown that anthracene may become allergic, and once the allergy is fully developed in an individual, even very low future exposures can cause a rash. Please note that local exhaust ventilation is used in areas where chemicals are released. If local exhaust ventilation is not appropriate for the job, make sure you use a respirator that is easy to wear.     Contact supplier CHEMENU to buy the APIs you want.

ADC Cytotoxins，antibody-drug couples and Efficacy Assays   ADC cytotoxins are cytotoxic agents that induce the death of target cells in antibody drug couples (ADCs), which are targeted drugs consisting of monoclonal antibodies, connectors and cytotoxins. The cytotoxin is the most important component, as it determines the ability of ADCs to kill cancer cells.   Many cytotoxins are currently being used, such as galicin, doxorubicin, pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBD), camptothecin, erythromycin/doxorubicin, Auristatins, and medensin. Based on their mechanism of action, they can be divided into two categories: DNA damaging agents and microtubulin inhibitors. Among them, galicin, doxorubicin and PBD are DNA grove-binding agents, and hippocrine and erythromycin/doxorubicin are topoisomerase inhibitors, which are DNA damaging agents. auristatins and maytansinoids are microtubule protein inhibitors. In addition to the listed cytotoxins, there are many traditional cytotoxic agents with similar mechanisms of killing cancer cells that can also be used in the development of ADCs. ADC cytotoxins are cytotoxic agents that induce the death of target cells in antibody drug couples (ADCs), which are targeted drugs consisting of monoclonal antibodies, connectors and cytotoxins. The cytotoxin is the most important component, as it determines the ability of ADCs to kill cancer cells.   Many cytotoxins are currently being used, such as galicin, doxorubicin, pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBD), camptothecin, erythromycin/doxorubicin, Auristatins, and medensin. Based on their mechanism of action, they can be divided into two categories: DNA damaging agents and microtubulin inhibitors. Among them, galicin, doxorubicin and PBD are DNA grove-binding agents, and hippocrine and erythromycin/doxorubicin are topoisomerase inhibitors, which are DNA damaging agents. auristatins and maytansinoids are microtubule protein inhibitors. In addition to the listed cytotoxins, there are many traditional cytotoxic agents with similar mechanisms of killing cancer cells that can also be used in the development of ADCs.     Aldoxorubicin CAS：1361644-26-9     Antibody-drug couples or ADCs combine the selectivity of antibodies with the efficacy of small molecule drugs to enable more precise and targeted therapeutic applications. Over the past two decades, researchers have also explored opportunities to develop ADCs into disease indications other than cancer, including autoimmune diseases, difficult-to-treat bacterial infections, and atherosclerosis. However, in order to successfully develop these non-oncology ADCs, many challenges need to be addressed in order to realize the greater promise of ADC technology.   To date, seven ADCs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and are commercially available to meet patient needs; all carry cytotoxic payloads against a variety of liquid and solid tumors.     Ansamitocin P 3', CAS：66547-09-9     ADC Cytotoxicity Assays The in vitro efficacy of antibody-drug couples (ADCs) is an important parameter in ADC development programs. This is the first qualitative assessment of ADC drug efficacy, and it provides a baseline for ADC improvement. The new generation of ADCs benefits from a series of improvements in payload potency, site-specific coupling strategies and innovative chemical junctions. ADCs deliver excellent antitumor efficacy while improving normal tissue safety. Good ADC efficacy in vitro and in vivo is a major concern for any ADC development program, as it is the ultimate goal of preclinical studies and a prelude to clinical evaluation.   The in vitro efficacy of ADCs, especially their cytotoxicity, must be fully evaluated before in vivo activity/efficacy assessment can be performed. In vitro cytotoxicity assays are widely used for this purpose. In this set of assays, ADC toxicity was tested against a variety of tumor cell lines expressing the targeted surface antigens.The in vitro efficacy of ADCs was directly reflected by cell viability assays, in which the total number of viable cells after ADC exposure was assessed by various organic dyes. In addition, other assays such as apoptosis and cell cycle assays were used to analyze and confirm the subcellular targets and working mechanisms of ADC. Last but not least, when assessing the in vitro effectiveness of ADCs, normal cells are also involved in the assay to assess the in vitro safety of the ADCs tested.     MMAF Sodium，CAS：1799706-65-2       Today, a new chapter is being written in the long story of antibody-drug couples. As the understanding of ADC technology continues to grow, it is foreseen that the development of these compounds in disease therapeutic areas beyond the fields of oncology and hematology will increase rapidly. Some of these novel ADCs will be developed for therapeutic purposes and some as precursors or modulators for further treatments. Please contact Chemenu to find the quote.